「干货满满」托福听力 - 对话类出题套路分析
套路1：去找老师的学生都是好学生
在托福听力对话中，老师和学生之间对话比较多。其中，好学生不是我们传统印象中的成绩好，而一定是态度好的学生，这样的学生会听取老师的建议，根据老师给的design plan/proposal 认真完成论文。若是老师让其重新修改，好学生也会在问的同时仔细修改，永远会朝着老师的建议方向前进。
所以，在对话中考生对于老师提供的建议一定要注意，例如老师说You should/ I think/Why not 句子是就要竖起耳朵，因为很有可能这就是为什么学生会去找老师的原因。就算是那些因为想要更换topic或是换班而去找老师的学生，最终也会听从老师的建议，然后以类似“It is ok. I really appreciate your help.”回复老师。要是此处重听题考察学生对老师的态度，一般答案都会是grateful。
比如TPO 34：Discuss Welty’s Writing Style
Professor: Well, in fact, I’d hoped you’d see that. Of course, there are many levels to the story. But what I really wanted the class to take away from it was that you don’t need to write about the great exciting world when you write you stories. Even writing about a memory can work.
Student: Like I could write about one of the times I took a walk in the woods when I was a kid.
Professor: Exactly! You know, as the due day of your stories approaches, I am hearing from a lot of students that they are worried because they don’t have anything exciting enough to write about. But Welty said in the interview we listened to and in her autobiography that her worst stories were the ones where she tried to write about people or places that were unfamiliar to her. That’s why a lot of her stories are set in Mississippi, where she is from. Welty stressed that, for her anyway, familiarity with her subject matter was the key to a successful story.
教授：事实上，我希望你能看到。当然，故事有很多层次。但我真正想让这门课远离它的是，当你写故事的时候，你不需要写关于这个激动人心的世界的东西。即使是写关于记忆的东西也能起作用。
学生：就像我可以写下我小时候在树林里散步的情景一样。
教授：没错！你知道，随着你故事的临近，我从很多学生那里听到他们担心，因为他们没有足够令人兴奋的东西来写。但韦尔蒂在接受采访时说，我们听了她的自传，她最糟糕的故事就是她试图写的那些关于她不熟悉的人或地方的故事。这就是为什么她的很多故事都发生在密西西比州，她来自那里。韦尔蒂强调，无论如何，对她来说，熟悉她的主题是成功故事的关键。
此处，教授就在讲解写作风格的问题，通过了解Welty的自传，熟悉她的成功故事，从而在自己写作的时候了解一定的写作风格和思路。
套路2：老师都会认为学生处理不了复杂task
对话中，学生一般会询问老师关于论文题目的问题，然后老师会好奇学生选择该题目的灵感来源，甚至还会问学生是否和作业要求一致，是否选择的题目范围太过于广泛，若是存在题目过于宽泛的问题，老师会帮助学生给出文章的聚焦点(focus)或删减建议(narrow it down)的建议。
另外，要是学生在选课方面寻求老师的帮助，一般老师的回答也是一样的套路。第一步老师会问学生是否对选择的这个领域有兴趣，然后进一步询问学生之前是否接触过相关的基础课程，若学生没有这方面的基础，老师会建议学生选择别的课程学习，否则有可能会跟不上。而一般去找老师的学生基本没有怎么学习过相关基础课程，就算在高中或者大学有所了解，但是在老师眼中也还是远远不足的。所以老师会建议学生先是那个基础课程，同时补充进行相关的阅读材料或视频的学习。
TPO 28 Organization of A Paper
Professor：That’s okay. Don’t worry about it. David. So let’s get started. Your paper on John Dewey’s political philosophy has a few issues I’d like to cover. You gave a great biographical sketch in the beginning. Okay.
But then as you get into his political philosophy, I don’t think you’ve done enough to situate his philosophy within the time period. In other words, you haven’t connected Dewey’s philosophy to the thinking of other intellectuals of the time.
Student：So I haven’t captured the most critical influences, the influences that were most significant to his political thinking?
Professor：Exactly. OK. Now, look back up at the section here, where you wrote about Dewey’s view of individuality. This is all good content. But you haven’t presented the information in a systematic way. I really think this portion on individuality needs to come later, after your paragraphs on Dewey’s intellectual influences.
教授：没关系。别担心。大卫。我们开始吧。你关于杜威政治哲学的论文有几个问题，我想讨论一下。你一开始写了一个很好的传记素描。可以。
但是当你进入他的政治哲学时，我认为你做的还不够把他的哲学放在这个时间段内。换句话说，你还没有将杜威的哲学与当时其他知识分子的思想联系起来。
学生：所以我没有捕捉到最关键的影响，对他的政治思想最重要的影响？
教授：没错。好啊。现在，回顾一下这里的部分，在这里你写了杜威对个性的看法。这都是很好的内容。但你还没有系统地展示这些信息。我真的认为关于个性的这一部分需要在后面，在你的杜威的智力影响的段落之后。
TPO 48 Advice On Polish Class
Professor: Well, you'd have to have some knowledge of it. By that level, a lot of students are quite fluent, plus there're some native speakers in the department. And we don't plan for it to happen, but it's pretty common for the discussions to kind of move in and out of English and Polish and it can be difficult to follow. So, how well do you speak Polish?
Student: Hmm, not so great. It's just that my father's from there. So I’m interested in learning about...You know, Polish history, Polish culture, plus I’m studying drama. I’ll probably major in it. I love plays.So I thought your course might be perfect.
Professor: Hmm, to be honest with you, you have to realize that we'll be watching videos of performances. And maybe if we can swing it, even watch a live performance and those won't necessarily be in translation. Also, texts, texts are sometimes available in translation. But even then some references will be to the original. I’d hope you'd be fairly confident in reading.
教授：是的，你必须对它有所了解。在这个水平上，很多学生都很流利，而且系里还有一些说母语的人。我们不打算这样做，但在英语和波兰语之间进行讨论是很常见的，而且很难遵循。那么，你的波兰语说得怎么样？
学生：嗯，不太好。只是我父亲从那里来。所以我有兴趣学习……你知道，波兰历史，波兰文化，还有我在学戏剧。我可能主修它。我喜欢戏剧。所以我觉得你的课程很完美。
教授：老实说，你必须意识到我们会看表演视频。也许如果我们能摇摆它，甚至观看现场表演，而这些不一定是翻译的。此外，文本、文本有时也可以翻译。但即使这样，也会有一些参考文献指向原文。我希望你在阅读方面相当有信心。
套路3：老师永远好说话且不偏心
有些学生会找老师对论文的截止时间稍微延期，一般老师要是觉得学生的理由合情合理，都是答应的。但是会要求学生答应一定的附加条件，比如在规定日期内提交论文大纲，然后在2-3天内补全。
TPO 49 Extension For Paper
Student: Yeah. No. It's not the subject I'm having trouble with. Actually the paper is practically writing itself. I mean, I have got a lot to say and it's going pretty well. The thing is, I have this idea that might make it better and I was wondering if there's any way I could get an extension. I mean, I know it's due next week. Right?
Professor: That's right. On Monday. But I don't understand. It sounds like you are doing so well. Why do you need more time?
Student: Yeah. Well, I could write the paper as it is and turn it in on time and it would be fine.
学生：是的。不，这不是我遇到的问题。事实上，这篇论文实际上是在写作。我是说，我有很多话要说，而且进展顺利。问题是，我有这个想法，可能会使它更好，我想知道是否有任何办法我可以得到延长。我的意思是，我知道下周就要到了。对吗？
教授：没错。星期一。但我不明白。听起来你做得很好。为什么你需要更多的时间？
学生：是的。嗯，我可以按原样写这篇论文，并按时交上来，这样就可以了。
与此类似，学生因有事找老师调整考试的时间，老师不会直接拒绝，而是尽可能找出一个相对合理的方法，例如让这个班的学生在家里完成报告作为考试的模式，或者让学生在活动的剩余时间完成报告等。此外，要是在校园工作场景中，打工的工资一般都是一样的，学生可以自己选择转换，并且先到先得。总的来说，老师的态度都是很好的，并且很公正。
TPO 16 Reschedule For A Test
Student
I’m not sure yet. Well, the reason, the main reason I wanted to go is that we’ll be rooming with French speaking Students there, you know, so we can get a chance to use our French, to actually talk with real French speakers.
Professor
It sounds like a great opportunity. But then, there is the test…
Student
Yeah... but.. well, the thing is the bus leaves right in the middle of when our history class meets this Friday. So, well, I was thinking maybe I could take the test on a different day like Monday morning during your office hours?
Professor
Eh...Monday morning...um...that would not be...oh wait, let me just see one thing. Aha, okay. That’s what I thought. So, for your class, I was planning a take-home exam so you could just take the test along with you. Let’s see, I guess you could come to class Friday just to pick up the test. That way you’d still make your bus, and then find some quiet time during your trip to complete it and you can bring it to class Wednesday when I’ll be collecting everyone else’s.
学生
我还不确定。嗯，我想去的原因，主要是因为我们要和讲法语的学生一起住，你知道，这样我们才能有机会使用法语，和真正的讲法语的人交谈。
教授
听起来是个好机会。但是，还有一个测试…
学生
是啊, 但是…好吧，问题是这辆巴士正好在本周五历史课的中间时间开出。所以，好吧，我在想也许我可以在不同的一天参加考试，像周一早上在你的办公时间？
教授
我就是这么想的。所以，对于你的班级，我计划了一个带回家的考试，这样你就可以和你一起参加考试了。让我看看，我想你星期五可以来上课只是为了考试。这样你还是可以坐公共汽车，然后在旅途中找个安静的时间来完成它，星期三我去接其他人的时候，你可以把它带到课堂上。
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